VS2012 professional and up work (separate purchase) with ifort composer 13.0 "2013." As the modernizations in VS2012 affect only C/C++ facilities, it's no great loss to stay with VS2010 Shell when using Fortran only.
I don't know of any "bugs" in the VS2010 shell that apply to Fortran users. We are working with Microsoft to enable switching to the VS2012 Shell in a future version, but there are still some loose ends. You're not missing anything, and if anything, VS2012 has some restrictions that don't affect VS2010.
However, if you have VS2012, then yes, Intel Visual Fortran Composer XE 2013 works with it.
If you want VS2012 you need to buy it separately from Microsoft or some other reseller. Unless you have some real need for that - for example you want to use some new Visual C++ features - I would recommend staying with VS2010.