Intel® Advisor User Guide

User Guide

Contents

Broken Call Tree

Symptoms

After executing the
Offload Modeling
 perspective, in the
Accelerated Regions
 tab
, you see one of the following:
  • A code region is duplicated.
  • A code region is located at a wrong place.
  • A code region has incorrect number of trip counts reported in any column of the Trip Counts column group.
  • A code region with your code has a
    System Module
    diagnostics message
     and
    Cannot be modeled: System Module
    reason for not offloading
    .
Any of these symptoms mean that the
Intel® Advisor
 detected the application call tree incorrectly during Survey.

Details

A broken call tree often happens if you use a program model with Data Parallel C++ (DPC++) or
Intel® oneAPI Threading Building Blocks
. These program models run code in many threads using a complicated scheduler, and the
Intel Advisor
 sometimes cannot correctly detect their call stacks. As a result, some code instances might have no metrics or incorrect metrics in a report and a call tree is broken.

Cause

This can happen due to the following reasons:
  • Call stacks were detected incorrectly.
  • A heavy optimization was used.
  • Debug information has issues.

Possible Solution

This is not an issue if all hotspots and code you are interested in are outside of the broken part of the call tree. You can ignore it in this case.
To fix a broken call tree, do the following:
  • Make sure you compiled binary with
    -g
     option.
    You can recompile it with the
    -debug inline-debug-info
     option to get enhanced debug information.
  • Recompile the binary with a lower optimization level: use
    -O2
    .
  • If you collect performance metrics with
    advisor
     CLI:
     When running the Survey analysis, try the following:
    • Remove
      --stackwalk-mode=online
       option.
    • Add
      --no-stack-stitching
       option.
  • Offload only specific code regions if their estimated execution time on a target device is greater than or equal to the original execution time. Rerun the performance modeling with
    --select-loops
     to specify loops of interest and
    --enforce-offloads
     to make sure all of them are offloaded. For example: 
    advisor-python <APM>/analyze.py <project-dir> --select-loops=[<file-name1>:<line-number1>,<file-name1>:<line-number2>,<file-name2>:<line-number3>] –-enforce-offloads
    Replace
    <APM>
     with
    $APM
     on Linux* OS or
    %APM%
     on Windows* OS.
  • If you model a multithreaded code that runs with a complicated scheduler, you might see a code region with suspiciously low trip counts and multiple instances of the same region loop present in the scheduler. This means that the
    Offload Modeling
     could not correctly detect the call stacks. Use the
    --enable-batching
     option to artificially increase the number of trip counts by using total number of executions instead of average number trip counts.

Product and Performance Information

1

Performance varies by use, configuration and other factors. Learn more at www.Intel.com/PerformanceIndex.